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Evidence Based Literature Searching

Foreground vs. Background Questions

🧠 Know Your Question Type Before You Search

Understanding the type of clinical question you're asking is essential because it determines which resources will best help you find an answer.


📚 Two Main Types of Clinical Questions

🔹 Background Questions: Broad questions about general clinical knowledge.

These are best answered using reference resources like textbooks or tools such as UpToDate.

Examples:

  • What are the common symptoms of the flu?
  • How does diabetes affect the kidneys?
  • When do complications of appendicitis usually occur?

🔹 Foreground Questions: Specific, focused questions related to clinical decisions or actions.

These are often structured using the PICO format and should be answered using primary literature.

Examples:

  • In children with asthma, does using a spacer with their inhaled corticosteroid compared to using it without a spacer result in better symptom control?
  • For infants with colic, is a probiotic supplement more effective than a placebo in reducing crying episodes?
  • In hospitalized children, does the Wong-Baker Pain FACES Rating Scale evaluate the child's level of pain more effectively than the Child Medical Fear Scale?

🧭 Choosing the Right Resource

        Question Type                  Best Resource
        Background Textbooks, UpToDate, Clinical Guidelines
        Foreground Research Databases (e.g., PubMed), Journal Articles